Karst Potential Classification

1:500,000 (small scale) map data (viewed at scales 1:150,001 and smaller) displays three classes:
	INTENSE Areas underlain by bedrock with high potential for karst development. May exhibit mature karst, including caves, sinkholes, and springs where they crop out.
	PRONE Areas underlain by bedrock with moderate potential for karst development. Development of karst features in this category is variable and dependent on site-specific conditions. Occurrence of caves may be influenced by physiographic setting, unit thickness, and lithology.
	NONKARST Areas underlain by bedrock with limited or no potential for karst development. Karst features rare or absent.

1:24,000 (large scale) map data (viewed at scales 1:150,000 and greater) displays five classes:
	VERY HIGH Thick-bedded, typically fine-grained and pure limestone units with little or no insoluble content. Will exhibit mature karst, including caves, sinkholes, and springs where they crop out.
	HIGH Limestone units with low insoluble content, but varied grain size and bedding characteristics. Likely to contain karst features. Occurrence of caves may be influenced by physiographic setting, unit thickness, and lithology.
	MEDIUM Limestone units and coarse-grained, or siliciclastic units with limestone interbeds. Limestone units may contain a high percentage of insoluble minerals. Siliciclastic units will only be karst-prone where limestone beds occur in the near surface. Development of karst features in this category is variable and dependent on site-specific conditions.
	LOW Siliciclastic units with minor limestone beds or units primarily composed of dolomite. Karst features are poorly developed or absent.
	NONKARST Consolidated or unconsolidated siliciclastic units. Karst features rare or absent.

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• Adding KGS map data to your desktop GIS software (ArcMap and WMS client)

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Most of the map functionality is provided in the tabs on the right-side of the map interface:

Tools. The tool tab contains standard tools for zoom and pan control of the map. In addition there are several custom tools:

• The button opens a tool which allows the user to search by and zoom to a geographic area in Kentucky. The types of geographic areas which a user can search by include county name, coordinate location, stream or road name, etc...
• The button opens a table of links to other internet map services or databases in Kentucky. Selecting a service from the table will open it in another window, zoomed to the same extent of the geologic map.
  
• The tool will return a quick popup window that provides information about visible features from the "Geology" and "Data" layers (e.g. geologic faults, contacts, faults, oil and gas wells, water wells, etc). When used, the feature(s) will be highlighted and basic attribute information displayed in the popup. Be sure to use the left and right arrow icons at the top of the window to scroll through the identified features if more than one is found at a location.
• The tool is a query tool that returns information about features on the map at a point. Clicking on a geologic unit provides lithologic descriptions and, in some cases, economic, geotechnical, hydrologic, or other descriptions. Clicking on an overlay feature (e.g., oil well or quarry outline) provides summary information about the feature with links to additional data.
• The returns the same information as the point id tool, but for a rectangular search area drawn by the user.
• The tool is an id tool that returns all the information about a selected point layer (layer selection can be made when the tool is activated, and include layers such as coal boreholes, wells, photos, etc.) within a buffered area around the selected point on the map.
• The will return photos taken at locations on the map which are designated by the images symbols. For this tool to function and to view the photo icons on the map, the "Photo Locations" must be turned on as a map layer.
• The tool is a measuring tool which returns the distance in feet and miles for a line drawn on the map.
• The tool is a measuring tool which returns the area and distance in feet and miles for a polygon drawn on the map.
• The tool is a click tool that returns the coordinate and descriptive location for a point on the map.
• The print tool creates a formatted print page for the map window.
• The print tool creates a formatted pdf page for the map window.
A note about map printing:

For best results, use the latest version of Internet Explorer, Firefox, or Google Chrome browsers.
NOTE: In older versions of Internet Explorer (8.0 and below), the topography or imagery may not print. You will need to either upgrade your browser, use a different browser (Firefox or Chrome), use the "print to pdf" tool, or use your computer's screen capture functionality.
• The print tool creates a formatted legend for printing.

Query. This functionality allows you to search the Kentucky Geological Survey database for geologic descriptions from KGS publications, maps, and field notes and highlight those units on the map. Follow the instructions on the tab for more information about using this feature.

Legend. This tab provides explanations of symbology for the map layout. The map unit colors display the map colors for the units in the viewed extent. Other map symbols are displayed below the colors and are also displayed with each map layer on the "Layers" tab.

Layers. This tab provides controls for changing the layout of the map. There are three main sections in this tab:

• Base Layers:
  The map service has a basic basemap which includes mostly line features such as roads and streams. Using the buttons at the top of this section, users may turn on topography with hillshade, topography without hillshade, an aerial photo base, or just display the basemap. The basemap (roads, rivers, etc..) transparency can also be adjusted with the slider. Other basemap-type layers, including various index maps for quadrangles and milepoints for roads and streams, can be turned on/off in the menus below the transparency slider.
• Quick Map Layouts:
  Clicking the buttons within this section will refresh the entire map service to a standard map layout. The webpage will refresh and the map will zoom to the same location and layers are selected/deselected based on the layout design. The "bookmark" link allows the user to save the currently selected map layout and extent.
• Customize Map:
  In this section, the geologic map and data layers can be turned on/off, their transparency can be altered, and, in some cases, the user can select how features are labeled. Simply turn on and off layers by selecting and deselecting the checkbox next to each layer name. The "Geology" layers are bundled within one service and have the same transparency settings. The "Data Layers" are mostly point features of geologically-related data. Each data layer has their own transparency setting and, if applicable, labeling. Also displayed under each activated data layer are the map symbols for that layer. Clicking the icon that is next to each data layer will open the ArcGIS Server service info and metadata for that layer. You can also bring these layers into your own GIS (e.g. ArcGIS) by following the instructions at this link.

Geologic Information. There are two ways to get information about geologic units or other features on the map. The identity tool , described above, is used to gather information about specific features. It works by clicking on the map and the results are sent to a pop-up window. The identity tool only returns descriptions from the 1:24,000-scale GQ's. Be aware that the sensitivity of the tool is scale-dependant. Clicking at small scales may return descriptions for multiple map units or features.

The Geologic Information tab provides comprehensive searches for all information that pertains to the map extent. Because of the larger amount of information that is accessed, the searches are provided from individual links. The results are grouped by type of source and then by the individual source title. The source title is a link to the KGS online list of publications, where many publications can be viewed. For lithology descriptions, a portion of the graphic stratigraphic column is provided for context, and the full stratigraphic column is accessed from a link.